科学怪人弗兰肯斯坦导演是谁

frankenstein tells the story of an obsessive scientist victor frankenstein who creates a man and brings him to life the creature teaches himself to read and learns what it is to be human but he's shunned by a hostile society and denied companionship when i looked around i saw and heard of none like me was i then a monster， a blot upon the earth from which all men fled and whom all men disowned abandoned and alienated the creature is driven to kill all the people his creator loves the story has become shorthand for the dangers of science run a mock， but the book has also been viewed as political novel， a feminist novel a novel about a godless world is it possible that all of these themes are present in the debut novel of an 18 year old writing at the beginning of the 19th century my first clue in deciphering frankenstein is to understand the ideas that mary shelley's parents wrote about and tried to live by mary came from an incredibly intellectual family her father was william godwin， the radical philosopher writer and anarchist godman argued that society and ownership were corrupting forces and that mankind would be more virtuous if we returned to a state of nature ideas that echo through frankenstein her mother was the radical feminist mary wilston craft wilston craft had led an extraordinary life before she met gordon she already had a child from an affair she'd had in revolutionary paris and she'd written a bold palemic arguing the case for a quality for women so this is mary wolston crafts book a vindication of the rights of women and it's just extraordinary she says women are not allowed to have sufficient strength of mine to acquire what really deserves the name of virtue it's great i love it， but it's no wonder that horace warpole called her a hyena in petticoats both of her parents use their writing as a straightforward means to forceful beliefs， i want to find out how much that's true of frankenstein as well， i'm going to cambridge to meet professor nora kirk， who's an expert in the writing of the romantic period and in the work of mary shelley in particular， i want to understand what other ideas of woven into frankenstein alongside the gripping horror story welcome hello nova， i think if she was intending the book to be morally difficult。 你好你好。 you know there will be people who will be sympathetic to frankenstein there would be others who would be sympathetic to the monster you know and i think she is trying to make people feel uncomfortable about what should we do do you know watch and human beings do to explore these ideas the reader has to navigate their way through a labyrinthine structure the novel opens with a series of letters from an arctic explorer， robert walton to his sister recainting how he has come across a half dead victor frankenstein on the ice frankenstein's story is enclosed within walton's letters and within frankenstein's story is the creature's narrative reported in his own voice cursed creator why did you form a monster so hideous that even you turned from me in disgust god and pity made man beautiful and alluring off to his own image but my form is filthy type of yours the creature becomes monstrous only after he's abandoned and mistreated by the people around him a fate that reflects the ideas of mary's father， william godwin about human nature and society i read it as a political novel and i also read it as a novel about philosophical problems particularly um free will versus necessity you know do we have free will i think is a very prominent question that that gets asked through throughout the novel and in the end， we don't know at least she doesn't come out with the conclusive answer， but i think it is to make you think um about how far we have choices could frankenstein have acted any differently， um could the creature of acted any differently you know that you can you can say that it's very much a novel of ideas i think rather than character hmm they're not intended to be domestic and exactly like people you know yeah， yeah they said that they were almost vehicles for particular emotions or particular feelings or other kind of abstract or unconscious fears it's interesting that he chooses that his creature should be a man frankenstein has not chosen to make primal pair and adam and an eve he only makes an adam so again some readings of frankenstein says that that's his hidden desire he only wants an all male world he would like to eliminate women mothers people who give birth and then die and leave you， but frankenstein is certainly skewed towards the idea of birth and death and life and so on being confused。

世上第一部科幻小说弗兰肯斯坦由马丽雪来于一八一八年写成，他最重要的贡献是为科幻这一类型划清了边界。 在玛丽雪来生活的时代，工业革命正开展的如火如荼，电力刚刚被发现和应用，是当时最前沿的科技，而他的科学原理还没有完全被探究明白，正如现在的量子力学一样，在人们眼中充满了神秘。当时的一个流行猜测便是电极有可能使死去的生命复活，这成为了玛丽雪来的创作灵感之一。 弗兰肯斯坦的改编电影更是直接将电应用在了剧情中，主人公通过电击尸体赋予了他生命，制造出了一个怪物。尽管我们现在知道电做不到这点，但这是基于当时技术水平的合理想象。 玛丽学来的原著中并未写明创造怪物的具体原理，但这是有史以来第一次。怪物不再是神话传说中的唯心想象，而是人类用科学技术创造的。这样一来， 科幻与奇幻等其他幻想类题材有了本质上的不同。科幻故事发生在理性认知的框架之内，他的一切幻想尽力在合理的科学基础之上，于是有了后世科幻的核心主题之一，人与科学技术的关系。因此，我们称弗兰肯斯坦为科幻文学的开山鼻祖。

科学怪人诞生于玛丽雪莱一八一八年创作的长篇小说弗兰肯斯坦尤其改编的影视作品，最早的是一九一零年的十二分钟无声短片。接下来讲的科学怪人上映于一九三一年，由环球演艺推出，是第二部由弗兰肯斯坦改变下来的影视作品。 亨利弗兰肯斯坦是一个为生命科学疯狂的男人，在大学里，他在化学、电疗法和生物电学方面的研究已经超出了大学理论的范围。他痴迷于像造物主一样创造出生命，同时还希望自己所在的大学可以给他提供完整的人类躯体用于科学实验。 这些对学校来说无疑都是不合规的。于是他离开了大学，在偏远的地方搭建了实验室，并雇了一位助手以帮助自己做实验。他们从墓地里偷取尸体，到大学里偷取脑子。偷尸体的时候还算顺利，不过偷脑子时候出现了点意外， 尽管过程曲折，最终他们还是得到了用于实验的全部人体材料。 终于，在一个风雨交加、有雷电的晚上，亨利和助手组装好实验躯体，搭建好实验器材，一切都准备就绪，等到十五分钟之后，最强风暴就会出现。而那时要么实验失败，要么弗兰肯斯坦将比肩申明，像造物主一样创造出生命。 而这时突然传来了窍门声，原来是亨利的未婚妻伊丽莎白担心他会为了做实验而走火入魔，便带着他的朋友维克托和曾经的导师前来看望他。到这个关键时刻，即使是未婚妻亨利也觉得有被打 打扰到，同时他也想要急于证明自己的疯狂是可以实现的，于是留下了三人在旁边观看自己的实验。 quite a good scene isn't it one man crazy three very same spectators look， it's me， it's alive， it's alive， it's alive in the name of god now i know what it feels like to be god i've got to experiment further he's only a few days， i'll remember so far he's been kept in complete darkness wait till i bring him into the light。 随后怪物出场。怪物像是一个刚有自我意识的小孩，听着亨利的指令做着一些简单的动作。 但是当助手举着火把靠近的时候，怪物像是受到了惊吓，变得不受控制，开始具有攻击性。几人合力将怪物关在了地牢。而从此时起，怪物像是受到了刺激，不再像刚开始那样呆滞冷静。 助手也开始用火把恐吓他，用鞭子抽打他。怪物就在这样的刺激下动手杀死了助手。见到怪物变得如此失控，亨利和导师也决定要将其消灭掉。可是就在费力用麻醉剂将其马云想要进行下一步的时候，伊力杀 和父亲倒放。原来亨利和伊丽莎白本可以举行婚礼，但是亨利痴迷于实验，导致婚礼一拖再拖，而他的老父亲已经失去了耐心，以为亨利在外面有了别的女人，所以才想亲自过来看个究竟。见面之后，长期以来是实验为全部的亨利却突然病倒了。 亨利走后只留下导师一人看着怪物，在即将动手消灭怪物的时候，怪物苏醒，动手杀害了导师。惊慌中，怪物离开了城堡，开始寻找亨利。 湖边的农夫家有个小女孩莫瑞亚，女孩天真无邪，当他遇到怪物的时候，没有觉得他样貌丑陋，也没有觉得他是坏人，反而热情的邀请他一起玩游戏。 who are you i'm maria will you play with me would you like one of my flowers you have those and i'll have these i can make a boat see how mine flow？ no you're hurting me no。 另一边，亨利和伊丽莎白在准备着婚礼，导师久久没有到场，让伊丽莎白感到担心，而后旁人传来的消息也证实了担心已经成为了事实。恍惚间，亨利仿佛听到了怪物的声音，此时怪物 竟然已经找到了亨利的家里，而且还趁着亨利去找他的间隙弄晕了伊丽莎白，然后在混乱中逃了出去。一波未平一波又起，农夫抱着溺水的摩瑞亚来到婚礼现场，找到了警长，道出了女儿被谋杀的事实， 因此村民们尤为愤怒，是要抓住凶手。而作为怪物的创造者，亨利也知道怪物一日不除，他和伊丽莎白也就永远过不安稳。 就这样，人们举着火把一起出动搜寻怪物。怪物在逃亡过程中也不忘等着亨利。当亨利落单的时候，怪物打晕了亨利，并将亨利带到了附近的风车塔楼。亨利在被怪物拖到顶楼的时候恢复了意识，慢慢醒了过来，随即二人开始打斗，一番缠斗之后，亨利不及怪物被丢了下来， 电影至此结束。看过一九三一版德国拉，或者是看过上演器德国拉解说的朋友可能会发现一些熟面孔，这里的导师和德国拉中的范海星长得一样，都是由爱德华范斯龙饰演。 还有一个不容易认出的，就是一开始亨利的助手和德国拉中的助手也是同一个人，都是由德怀特弗莱伊饰演。另外片中怪物的饰演者波利斯卡洛夫也在次年的电影木乃伊中饰演木乃伊。聊完演员的彩蛋，咱们来聊一下电影中的怪物。 怪物由亨利利用不同的躯体拼凑而成，其中脑子是用了坏人的，但怪物的好坏并不是由脑子决定。可能像片中的导师还有亨利一样，你也会因为脑子本身是属于坏人的，就先入为主的觉得怪物也是坏的。但事实真的是这样 样吗？咱们不妨带入怪物的角度来看一下事情的发展。影片中怪物一开始并没有作恶，而且还可以根据亨利的指令做一些简单的动作，像一个孩童，对新世界充满好奇。就像亨利所说，他一开始是属于黑暗之中，需要有人将光明带给他，但是对怪人来说，没有人带给他光明。 当助手拿着火把出现的时候，怪物不知道火把是什么，很害怕，开始变得惊恐。而后助手又经常殴打他，用火把刺激他，这也使得怪物被刺激到，然后动手杀死了助手。 对怪物来说，可能他此时还不明白生死的意义，可能他只是觉得把助手吊起来，他就不用再挨打了。但是对导师来说，怪物是用了罪犯的脑子，而且还动手杀了助手，所以他很难不把怪物定义为坏人。同时对亨利来说，虽然他一开始并不觉得怪物是怪物，但是助手的死也让他赞同 导师的说法。对怪物来说，亨利完全就是父亲的形象，一开始有叫他坐下，但是助手死后，亨利也站在了怪物的对立面。亨利和导师想要杀死他，他也意识到自己想要活就必须要反抗， 于是导师被他杀死。或许此时的怪物也并没有意识到自己杀了人，或许他也只是以为这样就可以免于被杀害。当他发现亨利不在的时候，他便出去寻找亨利，可能他也想从亨利那里知道自己是什么，为什么而存在。 然后中途他遇到了小女孩，小女孩被他丢到水中溺亡，从结果来看，是怪物杀死了女孩。怪物是坏的，但是带入怪物的角度来看的话，会发现是女孩将花丢到了水中， 花浮了起来。怪物见状以为任何事物到水中都会像花一样浮起来，而刚好手中没有别的东西可丢，然后就顺手把女孩丢到了水中，但是女孩 还并没有浮起来，他也曾试图用手将女孩捞出来，但是女孩逐渐沉入水中不见了。这样看来的话，怪物便不再是单纯意义上的坏。之后，怪物找到了亨利的家。为什么说是找到亨利家，而不是碰巧来到亨利家呢？ 在之后的剧情中，怪物打晕了亨利，但是没有自己逃走，而是逃走的时候带上了亨利，由此可见，怪物就是在找亨利。可能是他想要找到这个创造了他的人，想要从亨利那里得到答案。他想知道为什么助手要打他，为什么女孩在水中没有浮起来？为什么亲手创造了自己的父亲，也想要毁灭他？ 只是到电影的最后，怪物也没有得到想要的答案，在被烈火焚烧后，他被掩埋在了地下。在续集电影科学怪人的新娘中，怪物在逃离众人追捕的过程中，也有了更多对自我的探索， 而作为怪物，他也有了更多的人性。本期视频就到这里，如果你觉得还不错，还帮我关注、点赞、收藏、投币或者是三连支持一下，点赞过五百，三天之内更新下一期。