拉什莫尔山雕像为什么不继续

希腊人曾用点位仪把罗马雕像按原样成比例做出来，这是一种以参考点为精准测量雕塑上特定点位置的工具，然后把这些点转移到另一件作品上，为雕刻提供坐标引导，通过标定上千个点就能复制出精确形状。同样依靠着这类技术， 美国的总统山也是这样把模型搬到岩壁上的。总统山的悬指在西部的拉什莫尔山，设计者伯格勒姆在勘查此地时，发现有道高达一百五十多米高的悬崖，而且这里的细丽花岗岩十分理想， 正好成了他心目中的空白画布。为了保护山体并确保比例，他开始研究历任总统的照片，并搭建了一个一比十二的缩尺模型。接着，他开始组建项目部， 展开了以三通一屏为核心的前期现场准备工作。为了攀登山体，他们搭起了通往山顶的巨大天梯，并架设缆车往返来运送工具和材料。山顶还建起了绞车房，操作员可以随时升降，方便将工人精准送至山体表面的任何作业点。 有了这些基础设施，团队随即着手雕刻乔治华圣顿的头像。在精准布置的炸药帮助下，工人首先会把大块地表岩石玻璃粗略挖出一个蛋形的头部轮廓， 接下来就要用千斤顶锤叼出五官。但在悬崖边操作重达三十公斤的工具难度很大，动力供应是个问题。 由于手持钻依赖压缩空气，于是他们就在山脚建了一座动力房，安装了三台巨型空气压缩机，由当地金矿提供的电力驱动压缩空气通过长达六百多米的管道送至楼梯边，再进入山顶的建筑，这样就能同时为十六把千斤顶锤空气。 还有一个问题，在没有艺术或雕刻经验的情况下，他们是怎么知道该在哪里钻，该钻多深呢？像常规做法是用大型投影将设计投射到岩壁作为雕刻参照。但拉石莫尔山规模巨大，加上人脸是三维形体，这招肯定行不通， 所以这里就要用到开头说到的点位仪。为此，伯格勒姆设计了自己的改良加强板。核心构建是一根可绕轴旋转的金属摆臂，一端有加权点，能绕固定轴旋转。把加权点放在模型的某个位置，就能读出这个点的角度以及水平距离和垂直距离。 然后将这些数值乘以十二，同一点位就能被转移到山体上。这样一来，上千的坐标被直接标记在岩面上，工人就知道该怎么去进行作业了。注意一下，这里工人并非把一整块面部一次性刻出， 而是先按坐标钻出密集的蜂窝状孔，再把孔与孔之间的岩石凿落。经过几年的时间，乔治华盛顿的头部就完成了。然而，在这整个面部雕刻中，最棘手也最考验记忆的部分莫过于眼睛。典型的希腊雕塑，眼面较为平滑， 远处看容易显得扁平无神。为了让眼睛更逼真更有亮感，他们先在眼睛的部位挖出了一个深孔，再在瞳孔位置刻意保留了一块方形未切割的光柱。现在从远处看，雕像的眼睛就显得格外有神，质感就一下上来了。头部雕完后，接着是收尾的细加工， 工人会不断打磨，使表面致密，然后将岩面打成更细的颗粒，提升整体的洁白感。拉石莫尔山的雕刻持续了十四年， 却最终未能完全按最初构想收官，因为原计划是把每位总统刻到腰部，并修建一座带有奢华装饰设计的秘密坟墓。这些扩展才刚刚启动，项目就被迫暂停，因为二战夺走了注意力，也切断了资金来源。

如果你来到拉什木耳山，然后越过林肯雕像的后面，你会看到一个禁止进入的密道，那么这里面到底存放着什么？关于这个密道有很多理论，但真实的故事可能会有点悲伤。原来 巴什摩尔山的创建者本想在里面建造一个档案馆，里面存放宪法之类的文物，但就在建造的时候，第二次世界大战爆发了，为此这个项目被取消了，而今天其实里面什么也没有。

mount rushmore one of the most recognizable images on the planet， but is it simply a colossal structure or does it have another purpose clues are hidden inside the mountain behind abraham lincoln's head lies， a secret tunnel extending 70 feet deep into the rock till it hits a dead end， but at the tunnel's mouth a 1200 pound granite capstone seals an underground chamber inside a titanium vault that contains a long teak casket and carefully stacked inside 16's super thin enamel panels why are these mysterious tablets hidden inside mount rushmore and why is there a tunnel that seems to lead nowhere in washington's library of congress architectural historian polar reed hunts for an explanation there are thousands of documents detailing mount rushmore's evolution among the personal papers of its creator it was a lot of correspondence dealing with congress to get funding a lot of the funds were matched with private funds so there was also going out and beating the bushes for private donors so funding it was a problem from the beginning the monument is initially budgeted at two hundred and fifty thousand dollars cost rocket to nearly one million dollars they kept running out of money and there would be an appropriation and it would get spent and then work would stop and then there would be another appropriation and here we have records that were kept in 1939 in 1940， paula works with the collections historian barbara bear to investigate why the project keeps running out of money， goods and borglum did change his mind a good bit and things evolved goods and borglum's vision of mount rushmore keeps expanding they're searching out evidence for his most audacious and expensive plan so these are oversized items original blueprints reveal detailed designs for a complex around the finish monument the proposal of goods and bordelum was to have this grand staircase that would allow visitors to climb all the way up behind the heads the staircase leads to the majestically titled hall of records borglum describes a chamber hidden within the mountain that explains mount rushmore's purpose and houses a depository of the country's most sacred text that would have copies of important documents like the decoration of independence， the constitution and an explanation of who the heads were and why they were on that mountain。