arch安装教程

hi， i'm denchi and in today's video i'm going to be doing a proper， no nonsense and calm guide on how to install arch linux now before i begin the installation this is a uefi install this means that this install is going to cover steps that are only compatible with relatively modern computers released in the last four to five years chances are you're probably using a computer that uses uefi so all the steps in here will be perfectly fine for you however， if you're in doubt just make sure you see this screen when you turn on your arch linux usb stick when you plug that in a boot from it you should see these options and that's where our install is going to start by pressing enter on the first option or just letting it time out as it does by default now the system will begin booting in that time i want to bring your attention towards the right of the screen where i have the arch linux install guide this is linked in the description for you to follow and it's a very nice well written text guide on auto installed the distribution as you can see the pre installation section covers downloading the arch linux size so i'm making the assumption that you already have an arch linux bootable usb stick and you've just booted into it you see this screen and you're pulling your hair out because you have no idea what you're doing i'm gonna scroll down over here to the keyboard layout option because that's the first thing you're probably going to want to set by default archlinex will use the us keyboard layout now chances are you're probably using that as well， but let's say you want to use the italian keyboard layout in that case you can type load keys space， it and press enter and now you have the italian layout i'm going to run load keys us to load the united states one again because i'm using that the next step is going to be connecting to the internet and i hope you do have an ethernet connection for your art linux install if you have a laptop please stop and take a moment to plug in an ethernet cable if you do not have an ethernet cable available or the ethernet plug in your laptop isn't there or it's broken i guess you're going to have to use wi fi i'm not gonna be covering how to use wi fi how to set that up because that's not really possible on a virtual machine however， if you want to know how it works i will link a guide in the description that explains how to use iwd which is a tool you can use to connect to the in it which is included in the arts linux installer usb so if you run iw ctl it will send you straight into their interface and you can type device list as you can see i don't have anything here because i don't have any wi fi devices so i'm just gonna type exit and now we can get on with the install what important thing to know about the terminal is you can type control l to clear the screen this is gonna be very useful because the terminal can get quite cluttered and sometimes you just need to clear your terminal anyways to test the internet connection we're gonna run a pink command we're gonna on pink arch linux org or any other internet address and as you can see it connects now if you want to stop any command that's running on your terminal all you got to do is type control c and as you can see it stops the command then we're gonna do control l to clear the screen again and we're gonna scroll down over here to the partitioning part now as you can see the archlands install guide recommends use f disc i do not recommend you use f disc it's not as intuitive as a different tool you can use called cf discs or running cf discs on your system pressing enter you'll see you'll be asked for a label type now you're on uefi so you should probably type gpt you might not see that screen and instead you might end up on this screen by default while you won't see a single line that's as free space you will see a bunch of partitions like this so this is sort of like what a windows partitioning scheme would look like i'm not exactly sure but it looks similar to this assuming you want to delete everything and only use arts linux just go to each one of these little partitions and move your arrow keys the left and right ones to select an option we're gonna do the delete options we're just gonna press delete and press enter same thing for the next partition we're gonna go over to delete and press enter and the same thing for the other ones just press enter and now we've ended up with just this free space and nothing else we're gonna press enter and delete 32 gigs or whatever the size of your drive is and type 100 capital app because we're making a 100 megabyte size partition that's going to be our boot partition dev s day one moving on to the next partition we're gonna make this one four gigs in size now you can make this four gigs or eight gigs or 16 gigs because this is our virtual memory partition it's used biosystem to store excess memory whenever， the regular system memory fills up if you do not make this partition you're gonna end up with a system where as soon as the memory fills up crashes and of course you don't want that to happen now going down to the lands partition we're gonna press enter and press enter again and that will automatically create a partition with the rest of the space on the system now moving your arrow cues to the right option and pressing enter we're going to type yes and press enter and as you can see we've made three partitions now you may have noticed that i didn't fill with the partition format over here you see linux file system for each of these three partitions that's because we're gonna manually format these from the command line and not from cf disk to do that we're gonna want to go to the quit option and press enter now we're gonna clear the screen with control l and we're gonna run the command ls blk to list our block devices this is a very useful command just to keep heads up on what's going on with your partitions now over here there's the format the partition section on the archwickie you can look at the commands that i'm going to be using from here the first thing we're going to want to format is our root partition so that's going to be our main partition where all our system files and documents and pictures and home folder is going to be store that will be death sda3， because as you can see that's a 27.9 gigabyte one we're gonna run mkfs dot ext4， ext4 is the linux file system space and then dev sda3， so press enter and as you can see it has formatted it now we're gonna do the boot partition so that's the sda one we're gonna want to run mkfs dot fat space dash capital f space 32 that's the format it to fat 32 which is the required file system that we're gonna press space and type dev sda one and we're gonna press enter and there you go we format it to fat 32 now we want to format sda2， so that's our swap partition this is pretty easy all you got to do is run mk swap space dev sd2 and press enter and there you go we formatted it as well okay， so now we're going to want to start mounting all of our partitions so once again always start with the root partition to make things as clear as possible we're gonna run mount dev sda3 and we're gonna mount it in ford slash mnt this is just a standard mount directory this is where you're expected to mount the root directory if you're working on a system， so we're gonna press enter now we're going to want to mount the boot partition however， the boot partition is gonna be mounted in boot efi which is a directory that does not exist in our root partition as a now， so if you want to make it we're going to have to run mkdir space dash p space ford slash mnt ford slash boot ford slash e f， i and there you go we've made the m amp。 t boot efi directory anyway， as you can see sda 3 is mounted to ford slash mnt， but we still need to mount sda1， so running mount dev sd1 ford slash mnt ford slash boot ford slash efi pressing enter running lsb ok again as you can see it's mounted there and now we're gonna turn on the swap partition it doesn't have to be mounted anywhere just got to turn it on we're gonna run swap on dev sda to and there you go we've turned on swap so everyone lsb okay again as you can see all three partitions are activated appropriately the root partition is an m amp。 t， the swap partition is activated and sda1 our boot partition is an m amp。 t boot to get fire anyways now comes the fun part， which is the installation to do to the installation of arts linux we have to select the package as we want and install it into mmt， so run pack， strap， space， mmt space and now we got to pick the packages now i recommend installing the ones that are listed here in the essential packages on the install guides that that's going to be base linux and linux dash firmware as you can see it says that if you have a newer sound card， you might want to get the soft firmware as well for sound cards so we're gonna type that in as well sof from where and we also want a few other things to install the pseudo package and all the other kind of packages that we need to compile stuff to install things from the aur， which is probably one of the most attractive features in archel next， we need to install base dash devil， we're also going to want the grub boot manager which is what we need to actually boot our system without this it wouldn't work and efi boot mgr， which is for efi support in grub we're also going to want text editor to edit text files on the terminal， we're gonna use nano and we're gonna want a network manager for when we read with the system that's gonna be network manager with no spaces okay， so that should be all the basic package as we need i'm not gonna be running through installing a dust up environment and stuff i'll probably go through that at the end of this guide， we're just doing a base install for now， so just press enter and it's gonna start downloading all those packages and installing them so just give this a minute， 10 minutes， 20 minutes however， long it takes because your internet may be slower than mine you're in it may be faster than mine once it kicks you back to the terminal we're gonna come back through the tutorial and i'm gonna run you through the subsequent steps okay， so all the packages have been installed now and we can move on through the next step which is generating the file system tab so if you run gen fs tab slash mng as you can see you'll get an output inner terminal that gives you information on the file systems that are mounted there as you can see this is all correct devsda3rs are root devasda1as are boot and devs day two is our swap so that's all good but we don't want this on our terminal we want this on a file in our disk， so we're gonna run that command again just by pressing up on your keyboard you can call back commands that you've already run we're gonna press space we're gonna type a greater than symbol which sends the output over to different file and we're gonna send it over to mnt etc fs tap press enter and we can check the contents of any file on our system by running cat and then the name of the file so m amp。 t at c fs tab and as you can see it has the same contents as what was outputted to our terminal， so not only is this a good way to get the file system carried over but it's also a great way to learn about how to redirect output on the terminal which is something very useful if you're looking into making scripts anyways with that out of the way we can finally go and enter our installed system running arch dash ch root or change root now we're in our system so as you can see the prompt is no longer colored because we're using the playing back shell and now we can start configuring everything from the inside one very very important part of setting up your system is selling the time so all you got to do is run ln this will set up a symbolic link dash sf， user， share zone info and now you gotta select a region in my case it's going to be asia and then dubai you can press tab to auto complete and you'll get some kind of result and we're going to want to link this over to etsy local time suppressing enter and now if we run date as you can see just i'm gonna check my clock over here yes， it is 104 so the time is correct now we're gonna want to run hw clock dash dash sys t o h c that to synchronizes the system clock and now we're gonna clear the spin again i'm gonna do localization now this is another step where a lot of viewers get stuck on but don't worry i'm gonna run you through it clearly and explain what i'm actually doing so we're gonna want to run nano remember we installed nano before when we were installing the system at c locale jet now by running this you'll be editing a file that contains all the different locales available on your system as you can see i'm using my arrow key to scroll down and we want to scroll down until we find the local you want now in my case i'm gonna be using this one over here en underscore us dot utf dash 8 space utf dash 8 so all i want to do is press the delete key to delete that hashtag or just no go in front of it and delete it and now all we got to do is run control o press enter and control x to exit at c locale dojack now if you run the locale dash gen command as you can see it generates locale for n underscoreus ugf 8 and there you go we have generated our local we want to specify our local in the etsy local com because some programs will be checking this file as well so in this file we want to type lang equal en underscore us and capital letters dot utf and capital out utf and capital letters as well dash 8 and once again to writing quit you want to run control o press enter and control x now we can set our keymap i'm not gonna do that because i already have the us keyboard layout， but if you wanted to change your keyboard layout on the terminal you would have to run nano etsy v console com go in here and type key map and then i don't know equals it or something i'm just gonna leave it as us you don't even have to type this because the default is us， but i'm gonna do it for formality so control o press enter control x all right so clearing the screen again now we want to specify the host name， so nano etsy host name and i'm gonna name this computer archie with a capital a ctrl o press enter， ctrl x to right inquit okay so that's pretty much everything done that we can look at in this guide the in it rmfs we don't have to do this because this is already done when we installed the linux package the one thing we do want to do is the root password so run pass wd press enter and type a password i'm just gonna do one two three four because i'm not actually installing this as a usable system， but make sure you pick a good password for your root account so it's gonna ask you to type a password again i'm just gonna type one two three four enter and there you go all right， so you're probably going to want your own personal user on the system rather than using the root user because using the root user for stuff it's not very viable on a home system， so to add a user we're gonna have to run user add dash m， which means we're gonna make a home directory capital g that means we're gonna add us to a group and the group's gonna be called wheel and you'll see why i'm making that group later and then space dash s space fort bin fort slash bash， so that specifies the shell we're using we're using bash， so we could just use that then space and and we got a specifier name i'm just going to call myself denshi， so there you go we've added the user now if we run passwd denshi you can set your own personal password i'm going to set this to one two three four as well， so that's the same as my root password although for security reasons you might want to set your root password differently to your user password now we're going to want to set up pseudo， so you can actually run pseudo commands because if i use the su command to switch the denshi user， so su denshi and if i try to run something as pseudo， so i'll say i want to run pseudo pac man dash capital s yu that's to update the system space vi pseudo or v pseudo， so this edits the pseudore's file so scrolling down in the pseudore's file once again we're in nano right to the bottom there's these options over here you want to go and uncomment this option which is percentage wheel all equals brackets all all this lets anyone part of the wheel group， which remember we added our user to run pseudo commands so now that we've edited the file we can run ctrl o press enter， ctrl x to right and quit i'm gonna clear the screen i'm gonna switch back to the denching user and we're gonna try to run that pseudo， pacman syu command again to press enter we're gonna type a password in one， two three four and as you can see it works this time so just like that we've added our user to the pseudoer's group， so we can now run commands with pseudo， which you'll see a lot online and online guides and you will need this to install packages as your user now that we've done that comes the last essential steps before we rebooter system the first one is enabling core services so the only one we're going to be enabling today is network manager for managing our networks so system ctl enable network manager make sure you use capital n and capital m press enter and as you can see it enabled it now if you have we'd say a display manager like light dm or gdm you're probably gonna want to run system ctl enable gdm or light dm， but i'll get more into that later when we set up our visual environment in the meantime， we're going to want to do the last key step before rebooting and that's setting up our boot loader so remember when we installed grub any five boot manager there's a command on a system called grub dash install and then specify our disc so in this case it's going to be dev sda， we're gonna press enter as you can see it installed grub but that's not over yeah we stopped a configured grub so for that we're gonna do grub dash mk and fake space dash o to send the output over to ford slash boot， ford slash grub ford slash grub rub cfg pressing enter it's gonna scan for kernels and there you go it installed grub now that error where it tells you about grab disable os prober you can ignore that because we do not have that enabled that's only useful if you're dual booting， which we are not doing today anyways typing exit over here we'll bring us back to the colored prompts that's on the usb we're going to want to run u mount dash a to unmount all of our drives that are not busy and now we can rebooter system and end up in archlinex i'm gonna run reboot and we're gonna just cross our fingers and hope it works as you can see we're in guinea grub it's gonna send you through the screen as soon as you boot up， we're just gonna press enter or wait for the timeout as you can see our till next is booting up and here we are we're in the login for archie， which remember is the whole sting we specified my username once again is denshi the password is one 234 as we said it before and here we are one thing though we want to check is make sure we have internet connection we set up network manager last time so as long as we have an ethernet cable plugged in we should be able to ping denshe org and as you can see yeah it pings it so our internet connection is indeed working okay， so this is all well and good， but how do i set up a graphical environment from here one thing though i'm just going to make the font bigger set font space dash d will double the size of the font in your system so you might want to do that if you're installing on a small screen so as i was saying one last thing we want to do is set up some kind of graphical environment a good graphical environment i recommend is kde plasma so to install that we're gonna run pseudo pac man dash capital s plasma which will install all the basic plasma stuff and to boot up into plasma to actually log into it we want to install s d d m as well now we're gonna press enter and it's gonna ask for our passwords i just type my password one two three four press enter and as you can see it's gonna ask for the packages you want i'm just gonna press enter because those are perfectly fine same thing for these packages press enter taping for this as well it's press enter and as you can see it's got a lot of downloads we're just gonna press enter and let it start downloading that stuff this might take a while so just give it a second i'm gonna come back when it's finished alright， so all the kde plasma packages have been installed now， but before we go into kde we want to make sure you've installed all the packages we want so let's say they want a terminal emulator pseudo pac man space dash capital as console you have to have a terminal emulator on your dust up environment or you might be locked into it， so you can still type commands and do what you need to do we're also going to want maybe a text editor so that's kate that's the kde text editor and maybe a web browser so firefox should do suppressing enter we can start downloading those packages just give it a second and there you go so this should be pretty much everything we need for our little linux test stop experience so to start the linux test stop we're gonna start s dtm which is our display manager and to do that we're gonna run pseudo system ctl enable sdtm but if we just run this by itself it's only going to enable it at boot we want to start it now so to do that we can run enable dash， dash now and then press enter and as you can see it kicks this little login screen i'm gonna type in our login so in this case one to the reforance or password and that's the only user there enter and we should be booted up into kde here we are there's a kde as you can see we have kates， we got firefox and if we go to our application launcher we should be able to find our terminal image there we are console and it would it be an artilla next video if i didn't first of all install neofetch and then ran neophite so i'm just gonna do that for decorative purposes there we are， but anyways i've been denshy that was a comprehensive guy to setting up arch linux goodbye。