Summary是什么文章类型

hello， everybody it's been a while since we talk about how to write in english so in today's video let's pick up where we have left off a lot of you have been asking me how to write a summary especially before the exam to be honest i didn't shoot the video because i believe summary is a skill set that you cannot acquire overnight but now you have sufficient time on your hands this is exactly the right opportunity to do so so in today's video i'm going to tell you how to write an effective summary？ i will break down ten for summary tasks into the smallest units where you simply cannot make a mistake alongside my other two videos i believe you'll be able to nail time for writing sections what is summary a summary is a concise or condensed version of a longer piece of text or information but exactly how concise is concise for ten four writings a summary is approximately one fourth or one fifth of the original length this is important i'm going to repeat it again a summary is about one fourth or one fifth of the original laugh for example the workout for 2019 renew material is 300 words so your summary should fall somewhere between fifty to seventy five words which means you have to be very selective about what you put into the summary next let's look at how to write a summary basically there are four major snaps you need to follow first you need to read carefully the original text there you need to identify in essential information and take down notes step three you need to paraphrase what you have identified or highlighted at the last step is you need to begin writing your first draft writing a summary is a multimodal task that involves reading and writing during this initial stage you are expected to read the original text and understand the overall structure of the article to better understand the original text you need to be well informed of these full modes of writings these full modes of writings are narration， description x position and argumentation let's talk about the last one first because we are very familiar with this concept if i give you a title or topic such as shit middle school students use cellphones in classes or not and immediately after this topic you would see a passage needless to say that this passage follows the mode of argumentation because in a piece of argumentation the goal of the author is to try to persuade his audience or his readers to try to do something or not to do something to believe in something or not to believe in something right every time you encounter structures like this you have an argumentation let's talk about exposition this kind of mode is used to inform explain or describe a topic in a logical and organized manner let me give you one example here this is my keyboard and when i bought this keyboard along with this keyboard came this box， came this box and inside the box i have this this is an instruction right and if you open this instruction you would see multiple passages and this passages actually employ the mode of x position because every page on this instructions it would inform you of something right and this kind of thing actually is supported by several key points and these key points have to be objective and effectual anytime you uh you come across a passage that tries to tell you something or explain something to you or describe a topic for you there， you have exposition， both argumentation and exposition have been tested multiple times in our real time for test paper， so it's safe to say that you only have to focus on argumentation and exposition， neglecting， description and narration， let's take the test question for twenty nineteen as in example， please tell me whether this passage belongs to an argumentation or an exposition okay， so this passage actually is an argumentation because they also tries to the street us to believe that the duration of children's media consumption is less significant than the involvement appearance during screen time in a piece of argumentation usually， they also will put forward his thesis statement the main point of the author and in order to prove and illustrate his main points uh， he will also give us arguments and immediately after these arguments he will put forward multiple pieces of evidence such as numbers， such as stories examples and things like that okay， let's take a look at another example， let's look at test question for twenty twenty one okay， first we read the title and first paragraph loneliness and wisdom are they related rising rates of loneliness may not be news by the three periods when it peaks may come as a surprise， more people reported philly moderate to severe loneliness during their late twenties， their meet fifties and their late eighties than the other life periods okay， so this is the main idea they also tries to convey to you or in other words， they also want to inform you all this idea this passage actually employs x position because in a piece of x position， the also or the writers try to explain or inform or entertain someone and after the also put forward his main idea he also give us several key points to support and illustrate his main idea for example in the first sentence of paragraph 2 the general sense of isolation was also more prevalent than the researcher had expected and the first sentence of paragraph 3 one thing to remember is that loneliness is subjective and the last paragraph doctor just also find a self aligning an inverse relationship exists between loneliness and wisdom basically this is the structure of an exposition in a piece of exposition， the author will put forward his main idea and to support his main idea he would also include several key points and at the end of these individual key point， the author also would list examples uh stories， statistics explanations， uh and definition uh， etc etc basically that's all you need to know about uh these modes of writing exposition and argumentation step two identify essential information and take down notes for piece of argumentation you need to locate these statement， main arguments and supporting evidence such as numbers star examples， etc etc for a piece of exposition you need to locate main ideas and key information and supporting evidence and factual information uh， such as statistics expert opinions definition， etc etc because we only have a fifty to seventy five work limits you'll have to include in your summary the main message or essential message that is for an argumentation， you only have to include thesis statement and main arguments and for expedition you'll need to include main ideas and key points let's take 2021 test paper as an example like we discuss a this is an exposition first， we need to locate the main idea main idea actually is this people would feel more lonely during their late twenties， their mid fifties and their late eighties then in other lives periods then after the main idea they also support his viewpoint with key point for example here we have key point one key point， two key point three this is all you have to do you need to locate mini dnk points and that's it okay let's look at argumentation in a piece of argumentation you are required to find thesis statement and may arguments first， let's look at the first sentence parents have been advised to limit media consumption of their children， but research suggests it's the nature of it that matters this actually is the thesis statement of this passage， but uh the expression of uh certain parts of this sentence can be a little bit vague uh or it is not the clear so we need to read on if you move on to paragraph two you would find a similar sentence many parents will now be relieved to hear that recent research suggests it's not so much the length but the nature of the screen time that matters this sentence also express this is statement so i write down tears here it basically express the similar content with the sentence you saw me park of one so we need to read on it's not just about whether you consume any potential digital junk foods， but also your relationship to the technology and the role it plays in your family life um this is also a thesis statement， but this is a much concrete one compare with the former two sentences let's read them for young children the most important thing is where the parents and kids are playing watching and browsing together so these four sentences actually express pretty much the same thing uh when it summarize a little bit uh about the thesis statement in this passage okay， let's move on next we would locate argument for example here we have a argument one a study determined that there was no cruelation between limiting device use and children's well being so there is no direct association between the length of screen time and children's well being and moving on we would discover argument too there is little point in worrying about how many minutes a day your kids are spending with screens instead parents should be doing what they can to ensure that what they are watching playing and reading is high quality age， appropriate and safe and joining in whenever possible so basically argument to tell us the parental involvement is extremely important because parents can navigate the screen time or media consumption of their children guide their children into a positive directions basically this is all the key points and the notes you can do when reading this accept okay now we have read the accept and identify what to put into our summary？ what is our next move next we paraphrase we simply cannot copy the original text directly we need to express our thoughts using our own words， but exactly how do we paraphrase when paraphrasing we need to consider two main components words and sentence structures first， we can make changes to certain words， but remember you don't have to change everything for example the sentence in twenty nineteen test paper a study determined that there was no correlation between limiting device use and children's well being this intense can be changing to a research suggested that there was no link between constricting device use and the well being of children you can pair free sentences like this， but it's not up to far what we really need to do is this we should make changes not only to words， but also to sentence structures for example the above sentence can be changing to the well being of children according to studies is not inherently linked to curbing the use of electronic devices this is the way you do it， but paraphrasing is no easing task your mastery of it hinges on constant practice the last step is to write your first draft using linking devices to make your work both， grammatically and cementically acceptable let me give you one example here's an acceptable summary for twenty twenty one test question interestingly i ask chat cpt to uh rate this summary on a scale of one to ten and this is the feedback in provide in a word in today's video we discuss what is a summary？ what is the average lenneth for in 104 summary and how you can write a summary by following those four steps read carefully， identify essential information paraphrase and string them together if you want to know more about 10 full writing make sure to check out my other two videos。 装饰作文急救包装饰预测作文句型解析 and also uh thank you very much for watching and if you found this video helpful please consider 一键三连。