理解当代中国汉英翻译教程第五单元

hello， everyone today， we are going to start the class by answering any questions you may have so please feel free to ask anything related to the previous lessons or any other topic you need clarification on professor john， i have a question to ask you what do you think are the essential features of democracy？ democracy， i think is not a decorative ornament， but an instrument for addressing the issues that concern the people whether a country is democratic depends on whether its people are truly the masters of the country， whether the people have the right to vote and more importantly the right to participate extensively， whether they have been given verbal promises in elections and more importantly how many of these promises are fulfilled after elections whether there are set political procedures and rules in state systems and laws and more importantly whether these systems and laws are truly enforced whether the rules and procedures for the exercise of power are democratic and more importantly whether the exercise of power is genuinely subject to public scrutiny and checks professor john， could you tell us what attitudes we should take towards the different political systems in the world yes， of course， we should draw on the achievements of other political civilizations， but we should never let them outweigh the foundations of china's own political system living in a colorful world we should uphold the approach of inclusiveness modestly learn from the best of other civilizations and digest and absorb them on an independent basis， so as to turn them into part of the best of our own never follow others without trying to understand them properly blindly copying the political systems of other countries will never work in china they will never adapt to our country such a course of action will turn the tiger you are trying to draw into a dog it could even spell an end to the independent destiny of our country no two political systems on earth are exactly alike and no model can fit the political systems of all countries。

hi， everyone welcome to the first lecture of the course understanding contemporary china a reading and writing course today， we will delve into unit 6 carrying reform through to the end to begin let's set the stage with some background knowledge， we will explore the context and significance of carrying reform through to the end in china this will provide us with a solid foundation for our further discussions and analysis next， we will engage in a read and respond activity through a series of question and answer activities we will deepen our understanding of the text carrying reform through to the end this will allow us to actively engage with the material and exchange ideas moving forward we will conduct a detailed analysis of the text we will thoroughly examine the content paying close attention to phrases and sentence structures by doing so， we will gain a comprehensive understanding of the texts key concepts and arguments in the analytical reading section we will take a step back and summarize and analyze the entire text this will enable us to identify the main themes and evaluate the effectiveness of the author's arguments we will also explore different perspectives on the topic considering global viewpoints and implications shifting gears we will then turn our attention to a review of china's path to modernization by reading and reflecting on this review found on pages one hundred nine to one hundred twenty one we will gain valuable insights into china's journey towards becoming a modern society your task will be to write a summary of two hundred three hundred words capturing the essence of china's path to modernization now let's explore the segment telling china's story to the world in this language and focus section we will delve into the wisdom of ancient chinese quotes by reflecting on their contemporary relevance， we can gain valuable insights into carrying reform through to the end in the present， this thought provoking segment will encourage us to think critically and explore the connections between the past and the present lastly， we will conclude with the further reading section here you will have the opportunity to explore additional resources related to our topic these readings will provide you with a deeper understanding of the subject matter and allow you to expand your knowledge beyond the scope of this course， i hope you are as excited as i am to embark on this journey of understanding contemporary china let's dive in and explore the rich and complex tapestry of this fascinating country thank you for joining me today and i look forward to our engaging discussions and shared learning experiences throughout this course thank you。

菊生淮南则为菊生于淮北则为止。 as an old saying goes to the south of the huaihe river grow oranges while to the north grow butter oranges。 胡伦吞枣 never follow others without trying to understand them properly 邯郸学步 in attempting to work like a swan the crow loses its own gate。

hello， everyone today， we are going to start our lesson by answering any questions you may have so please feel free to ask anything related to the lesson， high quality development or any other topic you need clarification on professor chen， please allow me to ask you a question， scientific and technological innovation plated decisive role in the first and second industrial revolutions in world history and also in the rise and fall of of nations would you give us an example to illustrate this point？ yes， of course let's take an example of electricity first few events have transformed human society like the introduction of general usage of electricity in the second industrial revolution， the phenomenon of electricity was observed very early and the idea of using electricity as a source of power had been long entertained by pioneering scientists such as benjamin franklin and alessandrovolta however， it wasn't introduced into people's homes nor became an essential element in modern life until a series of innovations during the second industrial revolution， including the invention of the first electric light bulb in 1879， the introduction of general electricity usage brought illumination to everyday life at the flick of a switch， it also fueled the gilded age in the united states transformed the modes of production and generated rippling effects that spark the invention such as the radio telegraph and telephone， the application of electricity for massive usage also reflects a gradual change in international leadership with britain being gradually displaced by continental europe and the united states from its position of unchallenged superiority and industrialization and technological innovation professor chen， i have a question to ask you president qi emphasizes that high quality development means a change from seeking growth to seeking better growth how do you understand high quality development high quality development is a departure from the obsolete pattern of concentrating only on the quantity of growth instead it reflects the people centered development philosophy and the new development philosophy and meets the people's aspirations for a better life according to the the resolution of the central committee of the communist party of china on the major achievements and historical experience of the party over the past century adopted at the sixth plenary session of the nineteenth central committee of the communist party of china on november eleventh twenty twenty one china's economy had reached a new normal of development and was transitioning from a stage of high speed growth to a stage of high quality develop our traditional growth model could no longer be sustained in the face of this complex situation in which we had to deal with a slow down in economic growth make painful structural adjustments and absorb the effects of previous economic stimulus policies all at once the central committee has stressed that applying a new development philosophy represented a profound shift affecting china's overall development the gdp growth rate cannot serve as the sole yard stick of success for development rather it is imperative to achieve high quality development in which innovation is the primary driver coordination is an inherent property eco friendly growth prevails openness to the world is the only path and shared growth is the ultimate goal this will lead to transformative changes in the quality efficiency and impetus of economic development。

ladies and gentlemen welcome to the first lesson of the course understanding contemporary china a reading and writing course today we will delve into unit one titled the mission of chinese youths in this course， we aim to provide you with a comprehensive understanding of contemporary china its culture society and the role of its youth in shaping the nation's future through a combination of reading and writing exercises we will explore various topics that are crucial to understanding china's present day dynamics unit one the mission of china chinese youths sets the stage for our journey by examining the significant role that young people play in china's development， we will explore the aspirations challenges and responsibilities that chinese youth face in their pursuit of personal growth and societal progress through thought provoking readings and engaging writing activities we will gain insights into the values， dreams and ambitions that drive the younger generation in china throughout this course， we encourage you to actively participate in discussions ask questions and share your perspectives by doing so we can create a vibrant learning environment where we can collectively deepen our understanding of contemporary china so let us embark on this exciting journey together as we explore the mission of chinese youths and gain a deeper appreciation for the multi faceted nature of contemporary china。

hi， everyone today， we will be diving into unit 4 understanding contemporary china a reading and writing course our objective for this lesson is to ensure that by the end of it， we will have a clear understanding of the content and structure of unit four whole process people's democracy to start off let's warm up by discussing what you already know about contemporary china and its political system？ please share your thoughts and i will write them on the board for everyone to see this will also give us an opportunity to have a brief discussion on the topic now let's move on to the introduction of unit four， i will display the contents of unit four on the board unit four focuses on whole process people's democracy which is an important aspect of contemporary china's political system we will briefly go through the different sections of this unit highlighting the main topics covered in each section this unit will provide us with a comprehensive standing of the concept of whole process people's democracy and its significance in china to arouse your interest and activate your prior knowledge let's engage in a lead inactivity， please discuss with your partner or in small groups what do you think whole process people's democracy means？ how do you think it is practiced in china？ take a few minutes to discuss and then we will share your ideas with the whole class now it's time for the read and respond activity i will distribute the reading materials for this section， please read the assign text individually and take notes on key points or questions that arise after reading discuss your thoughts and questions in small groups， we will then have a class discussion where you can share your insights and questions about the text moving on we will delve into a detailed analysis of the text in this section， we will learn and apply analysis techniques to understand the content structure and language use of the text it's important to actively engage with the text and analyze， it thoroughly to wrap up the lesson， let's summarize the main points we covered today， i will also assign homework in that is writing a reflection on the reading thank you for your attention and get started with unit four whole process people's democracy。

hi， everyone welcome to the first lesson of unit 3 high quality development in the course understanding contemporary china， a reading and writing course in this unit， we will explore the topic of high quality development in contemporary china the unit is divided into several sections each with its own specific tasks and objectives let's take a closer look at each item one lead in the lead in section serves as an introduction to the unit and aims to engage students in the topic of high quality development in china， it may include discussion questions， videos or other activities to stimulate interest and activate prior knowledge to read and respond in this section， students will read a text related to high quality development in china and respond to comprehension questions or prompts the focus is on understanding the main ideas， identifying， key details and reflecting on the content three detailed analysis of the text this section delves deeper into the text from the previous section providing a more thorough analysis of its content students may be asked to identify the author's purpose analyze the structure and organization of the text or evaluate the effectiveness of the arguments presented for analytical reading in this section， students will engage in critical thinking and analysis by examining different perspectives on high quality development in china， they may be required to compare and contrast viewpoints， evaluate evidence or form their own opinions based on the information presented five global perspectives this section broadens the discussion by exploring how high quality development in china relates to global issues and trends students may examine the impact of china's development on the global economy environment or social dynamics and consider the implications for other countries six telling china's story to the world in this section students will focus on effective communication and storytelling they may learn strategies for presenting information about china's high quality development to an international audience， such as through presentations， writing assignments or multimedia projects， seven language and focus this section aims to enhance students language skills by focusing on specific language features or structures related to the topic of high quality development in china， it may include vocabulary exercises， grammar explanations or language practice activities， eight， ancient chinese wisdom this section explores the rich cultural heritage of china by examining ancient chinese wisdom and its relevance to contemporary development students may study traditional philosophies such as confucianism or taoism and reflect on their application in modern society， nine further reading the further reading section provides additional resources and material for students who wish to explore the topic of high quality development in china further， it may include recommended books articles， websites or documentaries that offer different， perspectives or in depth analysis overall this unit aims to deepen students understanding of high quality development and contemporary china through a variety of reading and writing tasks it encourages critical thinking， cross cultural， awareness and effective communication skills。

welcome to the first lesson of unit two beautiful china in the course understanding contemporary china a reading and writing course in this lesson， we will explore various aspects of china's rich culture and heritage we will begin with a lead in activity to set the context and generate interest in the topic then， we will move on to the read and respond section where we will engage with a text related to china's beauty and significance next， we will delve into a detailed analysis of the text examining its key themes ideas and literary devices this will help us develop a deeper understanding of the content and its implications in the analytical reading section， we will take a broader perspective and explore how china's beauty and cultural significance resonate globally， this will allow us to appreciate the country's impact on the world stage we will then shift our focus to the importance of storytelling and how china's narrative can be effectively communicated to a global audience this section titled telling china's story to the world will highlight the significance of effective communication and cultural representation in the language and focus section we will explore specific linguistic aspects of the text enhancing our language skills and understanding of chinese vocal， vocabulary and grammar to further enrich our knowledge we will delve into ancient chinese wisdom where we will explore traditional chinese philosophies and their relevance in contemporary society finally， we will conclude the lesson with a further reading section providing additional resources for those interested in exploring the topic in more depth， get ready to embark on a fascinating journey through the beauty and significance of china as we explore its culture history and global impact let's dive in and discover the wonders of beautiful china together。

每日一句，战争是为了制止横暴，消除祸害。 中国古人认为战争是违背人性的凶势，是不得已而采取的非正常手段。 如果迫不得已而采取战争手段，也并非流于一般意义上的你争我夺，打打杀杀，而是坚持战争目的的正义性。这种战争观至今仍闪耀着人文主义的光辉。 请告诉我，体验出一句话，兵者所以劲爆除害非常棒！请你向大家介绍一句古文， 服兵者所以劲爆讨乱选自淮南子兵略事，英文是 war is forced to stop violence and surprise evil。 战争是为了制止横暴，争讨过的。谢谢你的分享。

good evening honey good evening mommy what's the weather like today？ oh is sunny do you like sunny days？ hmm yes， i like it very much why because uh the sunny day can make me happy okay today what do you want to bring us？ hmm nature's ways are constant they did not exist because yao was under through or disappear because she was a ruler 天行有长，不为姚存，不为孑王。选自荀子天论天的运行有其长道，不因为姚在位而存在，也不因为孑在位而消失。 诗所以说今天的主题就是一个词是什么呢？长吗？长。 谢谢你的分享， thank you。

我们讲的是第二个问题，然后 balance as presidency stresses in campuses， both geographical and demographical aspect imbalance exists not only between regions， but also between groups and straighter of society while the national economic landscape has buy and large taken on a new look over the years and people's likelihood have dramatically improved not all areas and people have benefited equally in the process after decades of high speed development， the gap of income， the gap between the eastern and western regions， and also the imbalance between economic development and ecological protection have been growing some measures have been taken to address the embellished in virus respect like carrying out the targeted property alleviation and putting forward the idea of the third distribution in addressing the imbalanced development between regions in china， the cpc has put forward new region regional development strategies including the coordinated development of the beijing tanging herbate region， the younger river economic belt and guangdong， hong kong， macau， greater bay area and integrated the moment of the younger river delta these overall arrangements age to give food play to the comparative strengths of different regions and promote the rational flow and concentration of resources that's all，

哈喽，各位同学们大家好，今天我们来讲一下硬汉汉英词条呢如何分类记。首先来看一下硬汉的词条，那么第一类呢就是思路语，思路语的话其实我们按照每个字母去对应着理解记忆就可以了，那么但是我们考试的时候不需要把这个语的这个每个是什么写出来哈，这帮助我们辅助记忆就可以了。 那么我们在记忆的时候会发现呢，这个所有有一些里面可能会有一个词或者两个词，他和我们通常这个第一眼看过去的理解不太一样，比如说嘴巴冷门层，我们通常理解为发展啊，这也叫开发哈，但是他肯定有这个意思， 那所以我们在记的时候要关注这种就是和我们第一眼看过去意思不一样的，他是比较明显的一个特征啊，帮助我们记住这个特别的，其他的我肯定就能顺下来。你像比如说这个中国石油天然气集团公司的话，那我们看到他英文里面就只有这个石油没有天然气，对， 对吧？所以这个呢是一个比较特别的点，我们去把它记住，那他为什么没有天然气呢？这里面我们可以合理去猜测一下，如果感兴趣可以去查一查哈，当然的话有可能是说他石油是主要的一个业务，那我们知道这个天然气有的时候他会随着这个石油的开采哈出来哈，所以说的话，不论什么 原因吧，我们记住这个特点，然后呢我们记住这个缩写哈，我们目的就达到了。然后呢我们看第二种呢，我觉得是这种有声词的词条哈，有一些其实他考察的是词汇量， 比如说像这个发病率，其实比较重要的是因此一点是对吧的，比如说非法代孕，其实是代孕，这个你非法你肯定会说，对吧？所以说的话，我们看到说如果遇到这样的词条的话，我们比较重要的是去把这里面的核心的你不认识的词查出来，然后看看他和这个肯定是有点关系的，对吧？ 然后这样的话，你基本上来说这个词条问题就不大了，这个是词汇的问题，那这有几个没有写这个中文的哈，大家可以去查一下啊，看看是不是哎，查出那个词大概你就明白他什么意思了哈。 然后我们下一个看说没有生词的词条，其实有一些没有生词的词条呢，他有些词组啊，组合在一起的话，就会对你造成一定的困惑，他仍然有一些比较特别的地方， 比如说我们来看这个哈，国际公共卫生紧急事件，那这个的话，我们看到每个词你看过去都认识啊，就是少了一个粉色，直接叫国际公共卫生紧急事件哈。所以这时候这一点的话，我们引起关注说啊，这个地方其实是有这个意思，但是他没有说出来这个粉色哈， 就直接相当于是简称了哈。那比如说像这个叫白宫冠状病毒特别工作组，那么他 boss 话，其实我们也就是指这个工作组的这个意思，就属于他的一个 词组放到一起的一个组合，意思，平时在记忆的时候关注到这个，这个记住了，其他的就是词对词对应了就 ok 了，对吧？所以说啊，我们看到说这种没有生词的词条，或者是比较长的这样的话，它里面啊就是有的会比较简单一些，像这种哈，我们把词组哈稍微对应一下，关注一下就记住了。 那比如说我们说有一些词呢，他会稍微复杂一点，他要这个排序哈，那么比如说谁还就是其实是我们根据英语，然后在汉语里面找一个跟他类似的意思，然后去对应过去的。 实际上什么叫随行？就是呢，就是说你看哈音浪为啥和市场保持一条线，对吧？然后呢来进行一个 fluck， 什么叫 fluck？ 他叫波动，对吧？所以说的话，你是随着市场的变化进行波动，并不是一成不变的，所以这个叫随行，就是，对吧？所以说这是我们理解一下意思，然后包括我们 去排序的话，发现他这个顺序的话，基本上也是和这个差不多的哈，那么比如说像食品流通许可证，那这不就是每一个词对应了，对吧？就像这个储蓄实名制， 储蓄身份证的话，其实这里面是稍微省了一些，比如说这个如有内幕，我们知道哈，如有内蒙 ccm 就是实名制，然后中间 sibi 和对 pose， 对 pose 里都会指一些这种比较正式的存到银行里面的这种存款，对吧？ cbing 呢，是吧？自己的积蓄啊什么的都可以叫 cebing， 所以最后就统称为叫储蓄实名制哈， 而我们看到说这个实名在前面，而我们这个实名放到后面哈，这其实也跟我们这个语言的习惯有有些关系啊，比如说我们通常这实名制在我们国家是一个一起放的词，对吧？就是实名制，我们就就不说实名储蓄制了，其实是储蓄实名制哈，那么比如说有些 词条会确实有点难度哈，一些特殊词的一些特殊用法，这是我们需要去不仅查词的，还要去查背景知识。比如说银行挤兑 啊，就班主任，那么银行挤兑这个词连中文拿出来你都不知道什么意思的话，就是这样去记英文的话就更加陌生了。所以这个时候同学们不要害怕浪费时间，一定要去百度上去查一下他的背景知识。 比如说什么叫银行挤兑呢？他就是指大量的民众啊，在短时间内聚到一起要去提款，那又叫挤提，是吧？就是兑，就是兑现。 那么挤兑出现的时候呢？怎么样呢？如果银行的这个钱不够的话，大家就是一哄而去哈，到银行那就取钱的话，银行就有可能会倒闭。那比如说像这个呢，我们看到说这个叫立即市场哈，叫逆去毛，可以这个其实有点因腻了哈，这个腻是利堪或者叫神刊， 这个词是来源于法语，那以前他们在这个建房子的时候，墙上会修这么一个刊，然后来放一些供一些神啊之类的。这个刊刊位啊，他是 非常小的，但是里面呢，这个非常庄重啊，而且这个很重要哈，就是这样的一种感觉。所以呢，这里比较立即市场，你说在这样一个市场，他是在较大的细分市场中，具有相似兴趣或者需求的一群顾客所占有的市场空间。 嗯，这是什么意思呢？比如说哈，就是大家知道这个电子产品吧，这配件什么的，它是非常大的一个市场，那么比如说啊，这个鼠标啊键盘，对吧？这就是一些很小的一些零配件， 那么大厂呢？在生产这些的话就会很麻烦，对吧？嗯，但是呢需求又很大，人人都需要，对吧？那专门有这个公司，比如说条逻辑，他就做这个鼠标键盘，然后他就把这个做的非常 好，非常精细化，非常去匹配大众的需求，这就是抓住了一个叫立即市场。所以就是这样，比如说啊，有一个这个拉链的牌子叫 ykk 哈，他就是专门生产拉链，拉链呢是服装这个生产当中非常小的一个配饰，但是其实非常非常需要的一种 呃，产品，那么他专门来专供这个系列，那把这个做到极致啊，这样就是抓住了立即市场， 这就是我们要去了解一下哈，你才能够去对这个词印象深刻，自然而然就记下来了。然后我们来看一下汉英，很多时候汉英的词条其实是会跟着我们的这个热词走的，所以我们平时要多看一看 china 带领哈，然后有些东西就瞬间就积累下来了。 那我们也稍微做一个总结，比如说我们说，呃，用汉语来解释，汉语有一些词条他其实是比较简短的高度概括的。 那我们平时在做汉英的时候也会遇到这样的情况啊，需要我们去解释一下才能翻译出来词条只是一个微缩版的翻译，对吧？比如这样脱单是吧？脱单是什么意思呢？就是结束了这种单身的生活，脱离了单身的生活，是吧？你解释，你看英语不就是这么说的吗？ 所以说这个这些词条的话，最重要的还是我们的一个叫解码的一个能力，对吧？把汉语解释成汉语的意思 啊，不要觉得汉语是你的母语你就能明白了，其实很多问题都出在你不明白汉语是什么意思，一方面你理解没理解到位，另一方面你用词语言这个 不够精准，所以就造成了这个检查，对吧？比如说放管服，这后面有他的背景知识，他叫减证放权，加强管理，优化服务，你看看下面是不是说的减证放权，是吧？顺麦是不是 减震，然后这不是下放下放权利，然后呢？加强管理一铺，然后呢？优化服务啊，贵大家要去关注，有些这种高度精简的，我们是要去从原文来下手的，是从汉语去下手的，我要知道他是什么，我才是可能把它来就是记明白，记明白之后我多记了之后，以后遇到我不懂的， 我自己也能会学会分析，然后我就会去翻译了，是这样的一个过程哈，不是死记硬背。那比如说我们看到有一些这种这个较短的词条，他也不需要你去解释哈啊，这是他本身的这个特点决定的。比如说像这个还款率啊，压岁钱呐，巨婴哈，就他里面肯定有这个核心词，是你不太会的， 还款率率，你，你也是会的，但是还款是什么对吧？压岁钱钱你也是会的，但是压岁怎么说？他这里面就变成解释了，压岁钱没有说跟税啊，跟什么， 他就是一种叫这个过年的时候给小孩这种像礼物的一样的，然后呢我们来看一下一些较长的词条，在汉印当中确实会遇到一些比较长的词条，那这样的词条的话，他的翻译当中也是稍微有点难的， 这时的话我们也是哈，就结合前面刚才的那些，一方面要去解释一下，一方面来说我们要抓核心词，然后呢我们要去排序，比如说啊，像一次性发泡塑料餐具哈，这是一种餐具，有什么特点呢？ 一次性的哈，用完就扔掉了，它的材质是什么呢？它是由这个发泡塑料来制成的，发泡塑料其实是一种化学物质的，它有一个化学名称哈，它是一个一次性则由发泡塑料 制成的餐具。像这种什么什么的哈，形容词性的就是比较简短的，这种修饰的话，我们就直接放到名词前面，所以他 这个一次性的餐具，而用这种动词性的短语是由什么什么做成的，看到没有叫没懂，所以他叫由这样的材质制成了这样的餐具，所以就放到了后面动词端放到了后面。 比如说像这个教育提质扩容工程，是吧？他是一个工程，这个工程要干什么呢？提高教育的质量，扩大容量。但是这里面没有用 polozat 哈，因为工程一般来说用 polozat 指这种比较 是在带什么，做一个什么大型项目，这种工程还是教育体制扩容工程，他更像是一种精神上面的一个我们推出的一个活动什么的，所以我们 一个一捏使腿，对吧？然后呢他这个一捏使腿，他要干什么呢？一方面呢来是提升教育的质量，对吧？瑞斯多阔了腿，另一方面是扩大这个容量， aicebax 长了之后的话，你要去 想他是怎么组装到一起的，无论多长都能把它排出来。然后下面我们看粤港澳大湾区，还有这也是一个热词，去年还有学校考了，那这里面就直接一个一个对应的粤港澳是啥，对吧？一个对应，然后大弯曲对吧？啊？加快经济结构调整，这就是一个动词性的短语吧，叫 style 是不是？所以你看啊，教程词条的话也是有不同的类别的，那我们也使用的方法就是一方面的汉语的这个排序，另一方面的话，这个英语的排序抓住核心词，对吧？所以说这是一个解码的过程。 那接下来我们再看说有一些词啊，是这个需要一模一样的哈，当然英语里没有这样的哈，就比如说粤语对吧？一模一样你不能差是吧？国家开发银行，你不能说成国家发展银行，比如说君主义限制哈，这样的词的话，我们必须是 字不差的哈，通常什么样的是这种一模一样的词？就是一些这种名称性质的，然后包括一些专有词汇性质的 啊，就是比如像刚才那个半扣烂什么之类这种哈，你看到这，而且他通常不会特别长，所以说这些词的话，大家看的多的话，会主动去进行一个头脑的一个这种分析哈，归类哈，包括一带一路是吧？我们就要 br i， 我们就不叫别的了， 看到了这些都是需要一模一样的，所以大家要关注到这个地方，那么当然了，汉英里面有一些就是答案不唯一的词条，你说英英汉里面有吗？ 硬汉里面的话有的可能也有，但是少汉音里面的会更多一些，这是因为有一些咱们汉音的时候，他是属于解释性的词条，比如说你说弘扬工匠精神，对吧？这个是呃，小黄书上面给出的一个词条，当然我们今年 申报当中有叫千品的可思域，差不多欢迎沃克满水，那这里面这个千品呢？就有这种捍卫的意思，是动词哈，所以你看到这是我们一个的数词批，通常我们官方，比如说正报啊，什么白皮书啊，这政府的这些网站啊，什么这个 一些比较重要的国际组织什么之类的网站，上面来说的这些的话都是个人都是比较官方的，只要上面有的话，我们都可以去来学习记忆。 那比如说这个退役军人哈，退役军人的话也有好几种说法，那么今年在政贸当中提出的是 xs max， max 这个用的比较多，当然这个吧，泰瑞呢，或者是之前我们经常用迪邦布莱斯的 matelex mal， 这些都是可以来表示这个。 因为我们知道这个塞维斯呢，他其实有这个军队的意思啊，塞维斯有军队的意思哈，所以说这里面退役军人哈，就是之前是军队 的成员。所以说其实这个词条你不会记的话，他的一个核心的问题是，一方面可能是词汇上面的积累，另一方面是对于知识的这种理解和这个联系的能力哈， 如果你就是平时学习的时候多去联系，多去思考一下他内部的关系的话，其实很多问题就迎刃而解了哈，所以说大家好好去思考一下哈， 学习当中究竟短板在哪里，然后怎么可以提升，这才是我们能够去提升学习效率的关键哈。好的，那我们今天就讲到这里，希望能够对大家有所帮助哈，大家记得点赞关注哦！