tunnel和channel的区别

and before we're actually going to the text， we're gonna read this part first， this looks looks like a tunnel right the channel tunnel and the tunnel is something that looks like it's under the ground and were about the ground they actually go inside the tunnel and tunnel usually very dark right and in this plate it says frumps so the car can actually drive all the way to fronts through this tunnel okay the question is why was the first tunnel not completed okay so we're going to find out in this article the reason first tunnel did not complete okay first work we're gonna learn is tunnel and in this article we're actually gonna learn the channel tunnel and the channel tunnel or the english channel actually referring to that as the chinese work for it and the tunnel i said before is usually under the ground or about the ground is that word and also is that archway and is very dark inside the tunnel okay ventilate this word ventilate is relate to the now ventilation ventilation is the now for ventilate and that's the verb form and it means to air through right to make the place have air going through that's the ventilation means we gave you more example for example， forced ventilation is usually in a complex you usually have to have a forced ventilation system and force is something that you have to it's not your willingly you bet you have to and air is usually relate to ventilation because a ventilation is to let the air moving through a certain place right so you have to have air to go through for the mentalation so air is the verb form is to let the air through let it go through and the room please is to you know open the window， open the door let the air go through to have ventilation in the room okay so there are the two words that share the similar meanings。

什么是 tono 接口？ tono 接口是一种 vpn 会用到的隧道接口，原理是通过添加额外的三层爆头来欺骗工网设备，比如用直压力隧道就可以在两个地理位置分离的网络之间穿过工网建立一条 vpn 隧道， 使两个不同网络的内网设备通过私有地址进行互访。缺点是 overlay 技术，添加额外爆头的操作也是需要消耗时间和硬件资源的，会降低网络性能。

新概念英语第二册 lesson sixty four the channel tunnel 海峡隧道 why was the first tunnel not completed 为什么第一条隧道没有完工结束呢？这个问句采用了一般过去时的被动语态 was completed in eighteen fifty eight a french engineer amy tommy the government arrived in england with a plan 在一八五八年，一个法国工程师 amy tommy the government 来到了英国。后面出现了 weiss 借此短语做伴随状语。来的时候带着一个计划。一个什么样的计划 话呢？ for a twenty one mild tunnel under the english channel a plan for 一个什么什么样的计划？在英吉利海峡下面修建一条长二十一英里的隧道的这么一个计划 plan。 我们简单补充一下 without a plan the blind ride their horses 这句话表达的是做事无计划，盲人骑害马。做事没有计划，就如同盲人骑着一匹马一样，只会产生害处。 there is no plan in idle time， but much effort in busy time 整句话是在表达说闲时无计划，忙时多费力。 plan to do something 计划做模式制定计划呢？通常在前面加一个动词 make 就可以了。 make a plan for or make a plan to do something？ 我们继续 he said that it would be possible to build a platform in the center of the channel 他说说到后面跟了有 that 引导的宾语从句。 it would be possible to build a platform 这是一个有形式主义 it， 后面加形容词，再加实际主语图度的句型。 在翻译的时候呢，我们要从后面的实际主语开始翻译。在海峡的中央修建一个平台将是 可能的。这个从句当中采用了过去讲了十 platform 平台 in the center of 在什么什么中心，在什么什么中央。 this platform would serve as a port and a railway station 这个平台将会充当一个港口和一个车站。 serve as 充当用作 相当于 serve for。 关于 serve 的用法呢，曾经在五十七克出现过。 the tunnel would be well ventilated if tall chipness were built above sea level 这个隧道呢，将会通风良好。如果高高的烟囱被修建于海平面。以上。 剧中这里出现了一幅条件剧，整个句子呢，也遵循了主将从现的原则。只不过呢，这里的将指的是过去将来时。而现在时呢，也要变成一般过去时。 well ventilated 通风良好的 a well ventilated room 一个通风好的房间。 a poorly ventilated room 则是指通风不好的房间。动词 ventilate ventilate the room probably 给房间适当的通风。 ventilation 为名词形式 sea level 嗨平面 level 水平面或者是水平 the level of the rimmer 和 的水位。 a high level of achievement 高水平的成就 high pollution levels or low pollution levels 则是指重度或轻度的污染。 a test 一个测试一个什么样的测试呢？ a test that checks the level of alcohol in the blood 一个检测血液当中酒精浓度含量的测试。 alcohol 酒精我们再来说一下 above above 的本意是指在什么什么上方？ 一般指的是凌空的正上方。 above all 最重要的是，尤其是首先 above all you shouldn't give up without trying 最重要的是，你呢，不应该没有尝试就放弃。 must above all be exact 一个钟表，最重要的是时间呢，要准确，精确。 but above all love when you can apologize， when you should and let go of what you can change 但是重要的是， 能够开怀大笑的时候呢，就请开怀大笑。应该道歉的时候就请道歉。并且呢，你所不能够改变的事情，就应该放下他。 let go 放过 let something go 就是放过某事。

说到调色，我不允许！还有人不知道通道混合器，那么怎么运用通道混合器呢？我们先来看看他的工作原理。打开通道混合器面板，会看见三个颜色属性条，分别是红、绿、蓝，而每个输出通道对应的颜色都是百分之一百，这就是我们所谓的 rgb。 在 rgb 两两混合的情况下，会合成新的颜色，即青色品红黄色。记住这张示意图，我们几乎所有的颜色都可以由 rgb 相互搭配产生，区别只在于参数的不同。 如图所示，这辆汽车本身是黄色，假如我要把它调成正红，根据之前的那张示意图，黄色是由红色与绿色相加产生，那么只需要在黄色中减去绿色即可得到红色。可是这时你又会发现一个问题，经过刚才的调整，这辆车某一部分变成了洋红色。这时 根据通道混合器原理，你该 a 选择红色输出通道，加大红色占比。 b 选择蓝色输出通道，减少蓝色占比 c 拨打幺幺零求助三二 一，正确的答案是 b， 因为杨红由红色与蓝色组成，需要得到红色，那就得在杨红中减去蓝色。 但这时你还是发现怪怪的，虽然车是红了，可是车上的光线细节全部消失了，所以真正正确的做法是选择与杨红完全对立的绿色，在绿色输出通道中加大蓝色的占比，即可得到一个颜色自然的红色车辆。 一个例子哪够呢？回到最初的画面，这辆车还是黄色，假如我想把它变成杨红，那么该怎么办呢？给你三秒想想三二一答。首先，杨红是由红色运 蓝色组成，现在车子是黄色，黄色由红色与绿色组成，要合成洋红，需要减去绿色，增加蓝色，所以选择绿色输出通道，拉低绿色，然后调到红色和蓝色输出通道，分别调整红与蓝的参数，得出你想要的洋红。但这时的洋红没有明度细节，所以又回到绿色通道，调整蓝色与红色，使洋红色更为真实。 讲到这里，你应该对通道混合器有个初步的认识了，那么开始二十分的附加题问，假如我想把这张风景图调整为呈红调，那该怎么调？别想了，我直接说答案吧。 非常简单，只需要转换红绿通道就可以了。选择红色输出通道，把红色减为零，绿色拉到百分之百，那么图片上红色部分会被综合成黄色，再到绿色输出通道，把绿色减为零，红色拉到百分之百，那么图片上绿色部分会被 综合成黄色，但这还不是橙红色，于是回到红色输出通道，拉动红色，这时画面已经出现了橙红色，再根据自己想要的效果，对红色输出通道与绿色输出通道进行一些微调就 ok 了。是不是还有些同学没听懂？ 没关系，私信我，领取免费的完整教程，让政客老师来讲讲吧！

in eighteen sixty a better plan was put forward by an englishman william blow 在一八六零年，一个更好的计划被提了出来，由一个英国人 william love 所提出来的 put forward 提出。这个句子采用了一般过去时的被动语态 she put forward some cogent reasons for abandoning the plan 他提出了一些 cogent 有说服力的、令人信服的 reasons 理由。什么样的理由呢？ for abandoning the plan 放弃这个计划的理由。我们也曾经学过一个短语，叫做 come up with， 也有提出想出的意思。 we use our imaginations and come up with creative ideas 我们使用我们的想象力，我们发挥我们的想象力，想出一些有创造性的想法， 想出一些创意。 he suggested that a double railway tunnel should be built 他建议到一条双轨隧道应该被建立起来。 suggest 在这里呢，为建议的意思。后面的编语从句当中其实出现了一个语法现象，叫做虚拟语气。它的体现形式呢，是采用了 should 加上动词原形的形式。 sir， suggested that i should come again the next day 医生建议说我呀，应该在第二天的时候再来一次。这里呢？ suggest 还是建议从句当中出现了 should 加上动词原形 come should。 这个时候是可以省略的。关于 suggest 的详细用法，我们在 listen forty seven 第四十七个的时候曾经详细讲过。大家呢，可以复习一下。 double 为双层的，双人的。比如说 double check 就叫做复合。 a double room 为双人房间。 it has the double advantage of being both easy and cheap 它具有既舒适又便宜 的双重优点。 this would solve the problem of ventilation for if a train entered this tunnel， it would draw in fresh air behind it 这将解决问题什么样的问题呢？通风的问题 solve the problem 解决问题 for 表示原因。因为呢，如果火车进入到隧道的时候，他就会吸入新鲜的空气。 在 four 表原因的这个并列分句当中，出现了 if 条件句，这里出现一个 draw in， 表示吸入抽入。我们看下面这个句子 the days are drawing in 这里的 draw in 表示的是白天越来越短。在本课的课后难点当中，又出现关于 draw 的其他短语。比如说 draw back 表示后退、收回 draw up， 车辆停下来，或者是起草签订什么协议。 draw off 则是指撤退撤走的意思。 另外有一个细节大家需要注意，这里的介词必焊的。这也是一个考点。其实呢， 很简单，当火车进入隧道之后呢，新鲜的空气是跟在火车的后面被吸入隧道，所以这边应该用 behind。 类似 slam the door behind somebody。 那他表示的是某人砰的甩门而出，人出去之后呢，门是在这个人的身后，所以这边的方位介词一定是 behind。

lesson sixty for the channel tunnel 海峡隧道这个 channel 是指的英英吉利海峡。 英吉利海峡他是啊，连接这个欧洲大陆和英国的。那他们之间要来往的话，一定要建一个隧道。这个他呢就值得连接英国和欧洲大陆的这样一个隧道。今天就讲啊有关这个隧道的故事。 okay， let's start in eighteen fifty eight of french engineer amy told me the gamma arrive in england with a plan for a twenty one mile channel under english channel 在一八五八年， 有一个 french engineer， 法国的一个工程师，他叫这个名字哈，这个是一个法国名字，不太好读，叫 amy tommy dagamo。 好，他 arrived in england 他来到 这个英国。 with a plan 带着一个计划来到这个英英国。这个 plan 是什么样呢？ for a twenty one mile tunnel under the english china 他要建造一个二十一英里的这样一个隧道， 在这个英吉利海峡下面好像建一个这样的隧道。好让我们看一下这是点 plan。 for 好，最后面这个 for 这个介石短语，它是作为定语来修饰这个 plan 是什么什么样的一个 plan。 那下面这个就是要建造二十一 清理隧道的这样的一个。 he said that it would be possible to build a platform in the center of a channel and this platform would serve as port and real way station the tunnel would be well ventilated if tall chimney were built above seat level he said it would be possible to build a platform in the center of the channel 他是说他是可能的。这个 it 是一个形式主语，那后面啊 too 这个不定式，后面这个是正式主语，就是说 build a platform 建立一个这样的一个平台，一个露台，他是可 可能的。在这个英吉利海峡的中间。好， in the center of channel， this platform would serve as a port and a railway station 那这个平台呢？这个露台呢？ would serve as 他就可以好。作为一个 surprise， 我们这里啊，可以翻译成做什么用途哈，作为一个 port， 作为一个码头，或者是一个 real wastation 火车站啊，这个平台可以作为码头或者是火车站。 the tunnel would be well ventilated if tall chimneys were built above seat level 因为这个它呢是在水下的，那没有这个通气孔怎么办呢？ 后他就说了 the tunnel would be well ventilated 他说这个隧道将会通风非常好。如果 if tall chimney， these are chimneys 这个 chimney 这就是那种烟筒的这样的一个东西哈。 were build above seat level 如果 建造这个两个烟筒式的这样的一个东西，在这个海的上面啊，在这个在海平面的上面的话，那这样的话你这个隧道就会通风非常好了。好，现在我们看一下这个知识点。 it would possible to do something 好，这里边呢， it 是一个形式主语哈，这个地方是错的哈，它是形式主语。后面的这个 不定式呢，他才是真正的主语。那就是说 to build a platform would be possible 好，建立这样的一个平台，它是可能的。 好。下面 serve as 啊，这个短语表示充当什么什么或者起什么什么作用啊。比如说 this sofa can serve as a bed 说这个沙发可以作为床来用。 serve as 可以充当床来用。 next in eighteen sixty a better plan were put forward by an englishman william lowe he suggested that a double railway tunnel should be built this would solve the problem of ventilation a train enter this tunnel it would draw in fresh air behind it in eighteen sixty 在一八六零年呢。 a better plan would put forward by an englishman 有一个更好的计划好被这个这个英国的这个男的好给提出来了。 那他也是一个，应该是一个工程师哈。 william low 这是他的名字。 now he suggested 他建议说 a double railway tunnel 啊，这地方有空格哈。就说这个 double railway tunnel 这种双轨的， 双轨的，这个隧道应该被建造。就说我们应该建这种双轨的隧道。那为什么呢？他说 would solve the problem of ventilation 所以说这样呢，就可以解决什么问题？就是就可以解决这个隧道通风的问题。 for if a train entered this tunnel for 这个引导的一个原因重语从从句。他说因为呢，如果这个 火车 our train enter this tunnel 如果这个火车经过这个隧道的时候 is to draw in fresh air behind it 他说 当这个这个火车在这个隧道开的时候，那他就会带来一些新鲜的空气。好，会带来一些新鲜的空气在他的后面。好。 behind it 就说这个火车在经过隧道的时候，他后面 会带来一股一阵这个新鲜的空气。 好。我们看一下这个 put forward put forward 表示提出计划或者建议。 put forward 这是一个词组哈，那就说 a better plan were put forward 就说这个计划被提出来 好，下面这个是 dressed that， 后面加一个竖着这样的一个从句，除了是 dress， how demand 或者 recommend， 像这样的词呢， 后面接的这个病从句未语动词要用竖着加上动词原形，它是一个虚拟语气啊。虚拟语气如果啊，就是说 他建议怎么怎么样，这件事情还没有发生好，是可能以后会发生。那他是一个假设的一个虚拟的结构。 forty two years later a tunnel will actually begun if at the time， the british had not feared invention it would have been completed forty two years later 就是四十二年以后呢，这个 channel 啊，才开始。 actually 给就是这个这个建造隧道的这工程才开始哈。 if if 如果 at the time 如果就是在刚刚那个人提出这个计划的时候，而在那个时候， british has not fear invention 如果这个英国人啊，不害 怕入侵的话，侵略好，害怕欧洲人侵略啊。如果他不害怕这个欧洲人侵略的话， it would have been completed 这个隧道早就被建完了哈，这个隧道早就完成了 啊，结果就是他们等了四十二年之后才开始建啊。这里边这个 f， 这个 f， 他引导一个虚拟语气入，但这件事情没有发生好，就说如果那个时候英国人，他是害怕入侵的哈，所以这个他呢，就一直 啊，一直没有建起来。那那他这个这句话呢？他就是一种对过去的一种虚拟。这个 if 引导的句句，只要用过去完成时，那后面就要用 这种形式说明这个虚拟的这个句子是与过去相反。那这个时候呢？我们从句就要用过去完成。时。 the world had to wait almost another one hundred years for the channel it was officially opened on march 7 nineteen ninety four finally connecting britain to european continent the world 这个世界他去，他不得不 weight almost another hundred years for the channel tunnel 就说整个世界，他们不得不就是等，又等了一百多年之后，这个 这个隧道才建立成。才建完。 it was officially open on march nineteen ninety four 在一九九四年三月七号才是正式的完工，然后并且开始通行。 finally connecting britain to the european continent 然后最终，最后，然后可以 最后，这个隧道可以连接这个英国和欧洲大陆。 the story is finished 好，这小故事结束了。那我们看一下问题。 why was the first tunnel not to complete it？ 为什么这个隧道在那个时候没有完成呢？好，欢迎大家来评论区留言。 so much for the day goodbye， see you next time！

flanked by two powerful european nations the english channel has long been one of the world's most important maritime passages yet for most of its history， the channel's rocky shores and stormy weather made crossing a dangerous prospect engineers of the early 1800s proposed numerous plans for spanning the 33 kilometer gap their designs included artificial islands linked by bridges submerged tubes suspended from floating platforms and an underwater passage more than twice the length of any existing tunnel by the end of the century this last proposal had captured european imagination the invention of the tunnel boring machine and the discovery of a stable layer of chalk moral below the seabed made this fantastic tunnel more feasible but the project's most urgent obstacles where one's no engineer could solve at the time britains viewed their geographic isolation as a strategic advantage and fears about french invasion shut down plans for the tunnel the rise of aerial warfare rendered these worries obsolete， but new economic concerns arose to replace them finally 100 years after the initial excavation， the two countries reached an agreement， the tunnel would proceed with private funding in 1985 a group of french and british companies invested the modern equivalent of 14 billion pounds making the tunnel the most expensive infrastructure project to date the design called for three separate tunnels one for trains to france， one for trains to england and one service tunnel between them alongside crossover chambers， emergency passages and air ducts this amounted to over two hundred kilometers of tunnels in 1988， workers began excavating from both sides planning to meet in the middle early surveys of the french coast revealed the site was full of fault lines these small cracks let water seep into the rock so engineers had to develop waterproof boring machines the british anticipated dryer conditions and forged ahead with regular borers but only months into the work water flooded in through undetected fissures to drill in this wet chalk the british had to use grout to seal the cracks created in the borers wake and even work ahead of the main borrower to reinforce the chalk about to be drilled with these obstacles behind them both teams began drilling at full speed boring machines weighing up to one thousand three hundred tons drilled at nearly three point five meters per hour as they dug they installed lining rings to stabilize the tunnel behind them making way for support wagons following each machine even at top speed work had to proceed carefully the chalk layer followed a winding path between unstable rock and clay punctured by over 100 boring holes made by previous surveyors furthermore both teams had to constantly change their coordinates to ensure they were on track to meet within two centimeters of each other to maintain this delicate trajectory the borers employed satellite positioning systems as well as paleontologists who used excavated fossils to confirm they were at the right depth during construction the project employed over 13 thousand people and cost the lives of ten workers， but after two and a half years of tunneling the two sides finally made contact british worker graham fag emerged on the french side becoming the first human to cross the channel by land since the ice age there was still work to be done from installing crossover chambers and pumping stations to laying over a hundred miles of tracks cables and sensors， but on may 6 1994 an opening ceremony marked the tunnel's completion full public service began 16 months later with trains for passengers and rail shuttles for cars and trucks today the channel tunnel services over 20 million passengers a year transporting riders across the channel in just 35 minutes unfortunately not everyone has the privilege of making this trip legally thousands of refugees have tried to enter britain through the tunnel in sometimes fatal attempts， these tragedies have transformed the tunnel's southern entrance into an ongoing site of conflict hopefully the structures history can serve as a reminder that humanity is at their best when breaking down barriers，